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GentooInstallGuide (rev. 1.19)

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Gentoo Install Guide (private)



2004. 12. 04 (Åä)
±è µ¿ ¼· (±î³ª¸®)


1.gentoo CD download

http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/mirrors.xml
ex) http://mirror.gentoo.gr.jp/releases/x86/2004.3/livecd/install-x86-minimal-2004.3-r1.iso

¹Ì·¯´Â Çѱ¹ or ÀϺ»ÂÊ¿¡¼­ ¹Þ´Â°Ô ¼Óµµ³ª Á¤½Å°Ç°­»ó ÁÁ´Ù. LiveCD ¸¦ ´Ù¿î¹ÞÀ¸¸é µÇ´Âµ¥, µé¾î°¡´Â ¼ø¼­´Â

release -> x86 (or Àڽſ¡ ¸Â´Â architecture ¸¦ ¼±ÅÃ) -> 2004.3 (2004³â 12¿ù ÇöÀç ÃÖ½Å) -> LiveCD -> Pentium4 (ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ CPU¿¡ ¸Â°Ô ¼±ÅÃ) -> CD Download (minimal or universal)

minimal Àº ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÆÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÀÇ ¿ë·®¸¸ °®°íÀÖ´Ù. (stageX.tar.bz2 ÇÊ¿äÇÔ) – 2004.3 ¾à 50MB
universal Àº ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃÄ¿¡ ¸Â´Â stage µéÀÌ µé¾îÀÖ´Ù. - 2004.3 ¾à 650MB

2.Booting the LiveCD(s)

boot: gentoo(gentoo-nofb) or smp (smp-nofb)

ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ CPU °¡ singleÀÏ °æ¿ì Enter ¶Ç´Â gentoo ¶ó°í ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ°í µé¾î°¡¸ç µÇ°í, smp(ÆæƼ¾ö4 °è¿­ ÇÏÀÌÆÛ¾²·¹µùµµ Æ÷ÇÔµÊ) À¸·Î ºÎÆÃÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ±× ¹Û¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµå ¿É¼ÇÀ» º¸·Á¸é F2 Å°¸¦ ´©¸£¸é ÀÚ¼¼ÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íÀÌ ³ª¿Â´Ù.

NIC Detect
# modprobe 8139too or e100 (network modules)
°¡²û ·£Ä«µå ¸ðµâÀÌ ¾È ¿Ã¶ó¿Ã °æ¿ì°¡ Àִµ¥, ±×·²¶§´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ NIC ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ¸ðµâÀ» ¿Ã·ÁÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù.

Network Setup
# net-setup eth0 (³×Æ®¿öÅ©  ¼³Á¤)
# ifconfig eth0 (³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼³Á¤È®ÀÎ)
# ping -c 3 kr.yahoo.com
net-setup eth0 À̶ó°í ÀÔ·ÂÀ» Çϸé, ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ¼ø¼­´ë·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼Â¾÷À» ÇØÁÖ¸é µÇ´Âµ¥, dhcp ¶Ç´Â static »óȲ¿¡ ¸Â°Ô °ªÀ» ³Ö¾îÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù. (ADSL Àº »ç¿ëÇغ¸Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¼­ skip)

DMA on
# hdparm -d 1 /dev/hda
IDE Çϵå¿þ¾î¸¦ °®°íÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷Àº Ưº°ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÌ»ó DMA ¸¦ ²À ÄÑÁֱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. (´ëºÎºÐ ÇØ´ç)
* ¾Ë°í ÀÖ°ÚÁö¸¸ SCSI HDD ´Â ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¸ÔÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ »çÇ×Àº DMA ´ëÇؼ­ ¾Ë¾Æº¸¸ç ÁÁ´Ù.

ROOT passwd change
# passwd
sshd µ¥¸óÀ» ¶ç¿ì°í ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ »ç¶÷Àº root passwd ¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù

Option
# /etc/init.d/sshd start
# ifconfig eth0
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:01:02:82:DB:58
          inet addr:192.168.0.100  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:158606 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:123666 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:96163883 (91.7 Mb)  TX bytes:20863289 (19.8 Mb)
          Interrupt:11 Base address:0xc000
sshd µ¥¸óÀ» ¶ç¿ì°í ´Ù¸¥ Å͹̳ο¡¼­ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

3.FDISK

Partition		Fileststem		Size		Description
/dev/hda1		ext3			100M		Boot Partition
/dev/hda2		swap			2G		Swap Partition
/dev/hda3		xfs			remaining	Root Partition

FDISK Ç׸ñÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù
À§ÀÇ ¿¹´Â /dev/hda µð½ºÅ© 1°³¸¦ hda1~3 ¹øÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾ú´Ù. /dev/hda1 Àº /boot ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ºÎºÐÀ̸ç ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀº ext3 ·Î Á¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. /dev/hda2 ºÎºÐÀº swap ¿µ¿ªÀε¥ ¸Þ¸ð¸®ÀÇ 1 ~ 1.5¹è Á¤µµ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¸é µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. /dev/hda3 ¿µ¿ªÀº ³²Àº Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ÇÒ´çÇÏ°í ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀº xfs ·Î Á¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ »çÇ×Àº Á¨Åõ ¸Þ´º¾ó ¶Ç´Â man fdisk ¸¦ Âü°íÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù.

FilesystemCreation Command
ext2mke2fs
ext3mke2fs -j
reiserfsmkreiserfs
xfsmkfs.xfs
jfsmkfs.jfs

4.Creating Filesystems

# mke2fs -j /dev/hda1 (ext3 ·Î ¸¸µé±â)
# mkfs.xfs /dev/hda3 (xfs ·Î ¸¸µé±â)
# mkswap /dev/hda2 (½º¿Ò¸¸µé±â)
# swapon /dev/hda2

5.Mounting

# mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/gentoo
# mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot
# mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot
chroot ÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ ÁغñÀÛ¾÷

6.Install a Stage Tarball (stage3)

# date 120416102004 (2004³â 12¿ù 04ÀÏ 16:10)
ÇöÀç ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ½Ã°£À» ÁöÁ¤ÇØÁÖ±â

# cd /mnt/gentoo
# links2 http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/mirrors.xml
# tar -xvjpf stage3-pentium4-2004.3.tar.bz2 (Pentium4ÀÏ °æ¿ì)
# nano -w /mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf (x31 use flag & mirrors add)
USE="x86 alsa acpi -arts avi berkdb crypt cups encode foomaticdb gdbm gif gpm gtk gtk2 imlib jpeg -kde gnome libg++ libwww mad mikmod motif mpeg ncurses nls nptl oggvorbis opengl pam pdflib png python -qt quicktime readline sdl slang spell ssl svga tcpd truetype X xml2 xv zlib cjk multichar sse mmx xosd"
GENTOO_MIRRORS="ftp://ftp.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/GENTOO/ ftp://xinicks.com/pub/linux/gentoo http://gentoo.gg3.net/ ftp://gg3.net/pub/linux/gentoo/"

7.Chrooting

# cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf
chroot ÇϱâÀü¿¡ DNS Á¤º¸ÆÄÀÏÀÎ resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏÀ» chroot µÉ etc µð·ºÅ丮 ¹Ø¿¡ º¹»ç

# mount -t proc none /mnt/gentoo/proc
# chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
root directory change !
# env-update
/etc/env.d/ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ Àִ ȯ°æ°ªÀ» ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ® ÇØÁÜ
# source /etc/profile
/etc/profile Àû¿ë
# emerge sync
portage sync

8.Timezone

# ls /usr/share/zoneinfo
# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Seoul /etc/localtime
ÇöÀç ÄÄÅÍÀÇ Å¸ÀÓÁ»À» ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ/¼­¿ï·Î ½Éº¼¸¯ ¸µÅ©¸¦ °É¾îÁÜ (-f ´Â °­Á¦)

9.Kernel Compile

# cd /usr/portage/sys-kernel/gentoo-dev-source
# emerge gentoo-dev-sources-2.6.9-r9.ebuild (gentoo-dev-source »ç¿ë)
# cd /usr/src/linux
# make menuconfig
Ä¿³Î¼³Á¤Àº º»ÀÎÀÇ PC ¿Í ȯ°æ¿¡ ¸Â°Ô ¼¼ÆÃÇØÁÖµÇ, ¾Æ·¡ »çÇ×µéÀº Á¨Åõ¸®´ª½º »ç¿ë½Ã ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿É¼ÇµéÀÌ´Ï ³Ö¾îÁֱ⠹ٶ÷

Activating Required Options
Code Listing 6: Selecting experimental code/drivers
Code maturity level options --->
  [*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers

Code Listing 7: Selecting correct processor family
Processor type and features --->
  (Change according to your system)
  (Athlon/Duron/K7) Processor family

Code Listing 8: Selecting necessary file systems 
(With a 2.6.x kernel)
File systems --->
  Pseudo Filesystems --->
    [*] /proc file system support
    [*] /dev file system support (OBSOLETE)
    [*]   Automatically mount at boot
    [*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)

(Select one or more of the following options as needed by your system)
  <*> Reiserfs support
  <*> Ext3 journalling file system support
  <*> JFS filesystem support
  <*> Second extended fs support
  <*> XFS filesystem support

Code Listing 11: Activating SMP support
Processor type and features  --->
  [*] Symmetric multi-processing support

Code Listing 12: Activating USB Support for Input Devices
USB Support --->
  <*>   USB Human Interface Device (full HID) support

For 2.6 kernel
# make && make modules_install
º»°ÝÀûÀÎ Ä¿³ÎÄÄÆÄÀÏ (½Ã°£ÀÌ ¿À·¡°É¸²)

# cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/gentoo-2.6.9-r9
# cp System.map /boot/System.map-gentoo-2.6.9-r9
# cp .config /boot/config-2.6.9-r9
Ä¿³ÎÄÄÆÄÀÏÈÄ »êÃâµÈ ÆÄÀϵéÀ» /boot µð·ºÅ丮·Î º¹»ç

# emerge hotplug
# rc-update add hotplug default
hotplug µ¥¸ó ¼³Ä¡ & ¼­ºñ½º µî·Ï

10./etc/fstab

/dev/hda1	/boot		ext2		noatime		1 1
/dev/hda3	/		xfs		noatime		0 0
/dev/hda2	none		swap		sw			0 0
À§ÀÇ FDISK ÇÒ¶§ Àâ¾ÆÁØ ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ°ú ¸¶¿îÆ®À§Ä¡¸¦ ¸ÂÃçÁØ´Ù

11. Network Information

# echo x31 > /etc/hostname (È£½ºÆ®³×ÀÓ µî·Ï)
# echo kkanari.org > /etc/dnsdomainname
# rc-update add domainname default
µµ¸ÞÀÎ ÀÔ·Â & ¼­ºñ½º µî·Ï
# nano -w /etc/conf.d/net (³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼³Á¤)

- static
iface_eth1=¡±192.168.6.17 broadcast 192.168.6.255 netmask 255.255.255.0¡±
gateway=¡±eth1/192.168.6.1¡±

- dhcp
iface_eth1=¡±dhcp¡±

* Centrino Wireless LAN Àâ±â
# emerge ipw2100
# modprobe ipw2100
# iwlist scanning (essid ã±â)
# iwconfig eth1 essid ¡°3com¡± key 1234 (¾ÏÈ£°ªÀÌ ¹®ÀÚÀÏ°æ¿ì key s:abcd ¶ó°í ÀÔ·ÂÇØÁÜ)

- Wireless LAN eth1
# cd /etc/init.d
# ln -s net.eth0 net.eth1
# nano -w /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1		localhost
192.168.6.17	x31.kkanari.org		x31

12.System Information

# passwd
# nano -w /etc/rc.conf (ÇØ´çÇ׸ñ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ »çÇ×ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ¼öÁ¤ÇØ ÁØ´Ù)

# emerge -C sysklogd
# rm /etc/init.d/sysklogd
metalog ¸¦ ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ À§ÇØ ±âÁ¸¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾îÀÖ´Â sysklogd µ¥¸ó»èÁ¦

# emerge metalog
# rc-update add metalog default
metalog ¼³Ä¡ & ¼­ºñ½º µî·Ï

# emerge vixie-cron
# rc-update add vixie-cron default
vixie-cron ¼³Ä¡ & ¼­ºñ½º µî·Ï

# emerge slocate (filesystem indexing)
# emerge xfsprogs (xfs filesystem needs)

13.Boot Loader

# emerge grub
# nano -w /boot/grub/grub.conf
gentoo-dev-sources-2.6.9-r9.ebuild
default 1
timeout 5
splashimage=(hd0,5)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz
title=Microsoft Windows XP Professional sp2
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
chainloader +1
title=Gentoo Linux (2.6.9-gentoo-r6)
root (hd0,5)
kernel /boot/kernel-2.6.9-r6 root=/dev/hda7
title=Gentoo Linux (2.6.9-gentoo-r1)

* ÁÖÀÇ : kernel µÚ¿¡ root=/dev/hdx ¿¡¼­ root ´Â "/" ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀ» ³Ö¾îÁà¾ß ÇÑ´Ù !!!

# grub
grub> root (hd0,0)
grub> setup (hd0)
grub> quit

# useradd -m -G users,wheel,audio,tty -s /bin/bash tongseob
# passwd tongseob

14.Rebooting the System

# exit
cdimage ~# cd
cdimage ~# umount /mnt/gentoo/boot /mnt/gentoo/proc /mnt/gentoo
cdimage ~# reboot

15.Neccesary programs

# emerge openssh
# rc-update add sshd default
# emerge vim
- NPTL (The Native POSIX Thread Library)

# emerge gcc
# USE=¡±nptl¡± emerge glibc
# reboot

16.X-Windows

# emerge xorg-x11 gnome 
# emerge gdm
# rc-update add xdm default
# Xorg -scanpci
# Xorg -configure
# Xorg -probeonly
# cp /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf 

17.TTF font setting

# mkdir /usr/share/fonts/ttf/korean/ms
# mv gulim.ttc batang.ttc ngulim.ttf Monaco.ttf /usr/share/fonts/ttf/korean/ms
# cd /usr/share/fonts/ttf/korean/ms
# mkfontscale 
# ttmkfdir 
# mkfontdir 
# fc-cache

# vi /etc/X11/xorg.conf
Load "freetype" 
Load "xtt" 

µÑÁß ¾Æ¹«°Å³ª ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù (xtt Ãßõ)
FontPath ¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇØ ÁÙ Â÷·ÊÀÌ´Ù.
Section "Files" ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ±Û²Ã µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ µî·ÏÇØÁØ´Ù.
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/ttf/korean/ms/" 

ÇѱÛÀԷ±⠼³Ä¡
# emerge nabi imhangul
# vi /etc/env.d/00basic (Çѱ۰ü·Ã ¼¼Æðª Ãß°¡)
LC_ALL=ko_KR.UTF-8
LC_LANG=ko_KR.UTF-8
LC_MESSAGE=ko_KR.UTF-8
LANG=ko_KR.UTF-8
GDM_LANG=ko_KR.UTF-8
XMODIFIERS="@im=nabi"
XIM_PROGRAM="/usr/bin/nabi"
GTK_IM_MODULE=hangul2
# env-update

¸ð´ÏÅÍ dpms Á¤º¸°¡ À߸ø µÇ¾úÀ»½Ã ¼öµ¿À¸·Î ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý

(Âü°í·Î ³» ¸ð´ÏÅÍ´Â SAMTRON 97BDF Àε¥, À©µµ¿ì¿¡¼­ 1280x960@75Hz ¹Û¿¡ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥, ÇÏÁö¸¸ dpms ¸¦ ²ô°í ¼öµ¿À¸·Î ÀÔ·ÂÇϸé À©µµ¿ì´ø, ¸®´ª½º´ø 85Hz ±îÁö ²ø¾î¿Ã¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.)
tongseob@gentoo tongseob $ gtf 1280 960 85

  # 1280x960 @ 85.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 85.68 kHz; pclk: 149.43 MHz
  Modeline "1280x960_85.00"  149.43  1280 1376 1512 1744  960 961 964 1008  -HSync +Vsync
/etc/X11/xorg.conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇØÁÖ¸é Çػ󵵺° Refresh Rate ¸¦ Á¤ÇØÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù

¿¹)
Section "Monitor"
        #DisplaySize      360   270     # mm
        Identifier   "Monitor0"
        VendorName   "STN"
        ModelName    "S/T 97/96BDF"
 ### Uncomment if you don't want to default to DDC:
        HorizSync    30.0 - 150
        VertRefresh  50.0 - 150
        #Option      "DPMS"

        Modeline "1280x960_85.00"  149.43  1280 1376 1512 1744  960 961 964 1008  -HSync +Vsync
EndSection

...

Section "Screen"
        Identifier "Screen0"
        Device     "Card0"
        Monitor    "Monitor0"
        DefaultDepth    24

        SubSection "Display"
                Viewport   0 0
                Depth     24
                Modes   "1280x960" "1152x864" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
	EndSubSection
EndSection
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